Hi Nancy, The clinical trials you referred to were post-market studies conducted by Cyberonics. They had nothing to do with the approval process. KEEP DIGGING !
ID # NCT00215215
Effectiveness Study Comparing Treatment With Drug(s) or Adjunctive VNS Therapy for Pharmacoresistant Partial Seizures
http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/trial.aspx?trialid=NCT00215215 ID # NCT01118455
Trial to Assess Vagus Nerve Stimulation Therapy vs. Anti-epileptic Drug Treatment in Children With Refractory Seizures
http://www.who.int/trialsearch/trial.aspx?trialid=NCT01118455ID # NCT00522418
Study Comparing Best Medical Practice With or Without VNS Therapy in Pharmacoresistant Partial Epilepsy Patients
http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/trial.aspx?trialid=NCT00522418 ID # NCT00625222
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) As A Tool For Prospective Responder Identification Before Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Implantation
http://www.who.int/trialsearch/trial.aspx?trialid=NCT00625222